RURAL LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT (PRIs)

 Panchayati Raj Institutions 

PRIs are the generic terms for governing body at the block level. i.e. we can say, at any village level. It is generally the most closest form of direct democracy and also some time termed as DIRECT DEMOCRACY. The reason is that, we cannot go to Chief Minister or Prime Minister for any general problem but the Gram Sabha, which provides the foundation of Panchayati Raj Institutions, creats a stage where we can participate directly and solve that problem.

[🔸GRAM SABHA : Gram sabha is a body along with all the men women registered inside the electoral rolls refering to a village comprised inside the region of panchayat on the village degree. Due to the fact that all human registered in electoral rolls are contributors of Gram Sabha, there are not any elected representatives. In addition Gram Sabha is the only everlasting unit in panchayati raj device and are not constituted for a particular duration. ]

It provides us 3-tier governance system :--

          ❇️ ZILLA PARISHAD AT DISTRICT LEVEL 

    Every Block Panchayat beneath a Zilla Parishad elects one/two/three participants directly. Presidents of all the block panchayats are also ex-officio individuals of the Zilla Parishad. In a few states, the Members of Legislative Assembly (MLA) and Member of Parliament (MP)of the district or constituency, also are ex-officio individuals.

         ❇️BLOCK PANCHAYAT OR PANCHAYAT SAMITI AT BLOCK LEVEL 

    Each Gram Panchayat under a Block Panchayat elects one/two/three members immediately to the Block Panchayat. GRAM PANCHAYAT PRADHANS are ex-officio individuals or ex-officio members of the Block Panchayats.

          ❇️GRAM PANCHAYAT AT VILLAGE LEVEL 

      Frame of all the elected members of all the constituencies of the Gram, is known as GRAM PANCHAYAT. Size of the Gram Panchayat varies place to place like in West Bangal, Kerala and so on, a Gram Panchayat has approximately 20000 humans on a mean, even as in many different states it is around 3000 only.

       ✳️ Qualification to be a member of Panchayati Raj Institutions  :-

  🔸The person's name must be in electoral roll and must have attended the age of 21 years or above. Some more points to be added in it and first one is, must not be disqualified under any provision added by 7th act of 1995. The second point is about the reservation*. Some seats are reserved for SC/STs and some for women and that seats must be occupied by concerned one.

(*There is a provision of reservation of seats for SC/STs at each level of Panchayat. The seats are to be reserved for SC/STs in proportion to their populace at each stage. Out of the reserved seats 1/3rd need to be reserved for the women of the SC/STs. Out of the total quantity of the seats to be stuffed by means of the direct election, 1/3rd must be reserved for women. There has been a bill pending that seeks to increase reservation for women to 50%. )

     A normal and clear term for 5 years has been supplied for the Panchayats and elections need to take place earlier than the expiry of the term. But one point must be taken into mind that it may dissolve before 5 years also or seat can become vacant due to any reasons like death, disqualification, etc. If this situation arrises then the new election must be conducted within the period of 6 months. One more point to be added that the Panchayat constituted after the dissolution will not enjoy its 5 year duration. It will continue only for the remaining time period left.

✴️POWER AND FUNCTIONS OF PRIs 

  {*The delimitation of constituencies or allocation of seats cannot be challenged in any court}

   For and foremost function is 5o prepare the plans for the economic development and social justice. PRIs also have to look after all the activities included in xi schedule of our constitution. It has 29 subjects included and some of them are : Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Minor Forest Produce, Drinking Water, Primary and Secondary Education, etc.

It plays a major role in government schemes also like MGNREGA, etc.

In 1996, a new Act named PESA ACT was passed in 1996. It is also known as the extention act. The main objective of this Act is to extend the Panchayati Raj Institutions to the scheduled areas. So that that can also live an organised life.

The most interesting fact about this act is that it is still not practiced in some States like : Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and all UTs except Delhi.

✳️Grants And Funds :

    Grants are given by the Union Government on the recommendations of Central Finance Commission under ARTICLE 280 and devolution/loans/grants are given by state on the recommendations of State Finance Commission under ARTICLE 243{1}  . Internal resources operations are also some of its sources but most of the time, it has to depend upon State only.

  Along with these, some other reasons are also for its ineffective performances and they are as listed :--

               🔸Lack of Grants/Loans/Devolution

               🔸 Excessive control of Bureaucracy

               🔸Lack of Government Funds 

               🔸Poor infrastructure, etc 

  Some Of The Programs In Which Paris Played/Playing An Important Role Are :

        🔆SELFIE WITH A GIRL CHILD  : Launched by former president PRANAB MUKHERJEE to raise awareness about female foeticide and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao.

       🔆VELLAMCODE MODEL : Individual household latrines model in Kanyakumari District.

       🔆 MAHABHAGIRATHI PHASE - II : PRIs played an important role in finding the solution of drinking water in Dhar District of MP.

     🔆KUDUMBSHREE MODEL : Also known as Women Empowerment Model and introduced in Kerala.....