Indian Polity Notes : A complete study material for competitive exams

  RIGHT TO EQUALITY & RESERVATION POLICY.. Equality comes under the fundamental rights and Fundamental Rights are the rights which are guaranteed by the constitution, given to the individuals against the STATE which can be inforced by the Court (Justiciable rights). In that very fundamental rights, there is right to Equality  comprises of  Article 14, Article 15, Article 16, Article 16, Article 17, Article 18 dealing with Equality .     Article 14 (Equality Before Law And Equal Protection Of Law) : the STATE shall not deny any person's/individual's Equality  before law or the equal protection of law within the territory of India prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth.                           <<<<%% Get Link Now %%>>>>          Here, the phrase Equality  before law means there should ...

  42nd Constitutional Amendment Act : Mini Constitution  Let's go back into the History, we had a very powerful Prime Minister named Indira Gandhi . An alligation had Benn imposed on Indira Gandhi about the Electoral Misconduct. Since, she was PM and executive powers by influencing the electoral results. So, one major case arised Raj Narayan Vs Indira Nehru Gandhi  (Raj Narayan was the opponent of Indira Gandhi in 1971 Lok Sabha Election). In Allahabad High Court, on 12th June 1975, one huge landmark Judgement came i.e. Indira Gandhi found guilty in Electoral Misconduct: An Order By Justice Sinha(the sitting judge of Allahabad High court). After that Indira Gandhi went back to Delhi and saw that Jai Prakash Narayan along with Bihar Chhatra Sangharsh Samiti was doing a rally against the corruption of Indira Gandhi with a slogan of "Simhasan Khaali Karo Janta Aati Hain"  .         <<<<%% Get A Link Now %%>>>> Finally, u...

  POWER CONCEPT :--         Long time back during the monarchy period, all the powers vested in the hand of only one person i.e. KING/QUEEN. And we all knew that power is intoxicant so, in order to gain more power that single authority, misuses the existing powers which pulls back the development of the STATE and welfare of people.         So, taking in views these all things, the Political Philosopher portraits that, if the STATE has to develop and think upon the welfare of the citizens/people then we must have to do something about the concentration of power. Long time back, ARISTOTLE proposed that there shall not be concentration of power in only one hand. Lator on, MONTESQUIEU proposed that components of the STATE. He portraits that there are three three components of STATE: LEGISLATURE, EXECUTIVE, JUDICIARY.  So, if the STATE wants to function smoothly then the power should not be vested in only one person. It must be distributed am...

  Directive Principles Of State Policy:                     DPSP are the directions given to the STATE for the welfare of the citizens of India by the Constitution Of India. It is non-justiciable but binding on STATE as in ARTICLE 37, it has been presented that DPSPs are non-justiciable in nature but the STATE must keep an eye on it while making a law.       ARTICLE 44 : State shall try to enforce UNIFORM CIVIL CODE in the country.         💠 UNIFORM CIVIL CODE:                     To understand Uniform Civil Code, first we have to understand about the types of Law :        --: TYPES OF LAW :-- 1)🔹 CIVIL LAW  (civil matters like property, etc) 2)🔹 CRIMINAL LAW  (crime matters like murders, etc) 3)🔹 PERSONAL LAW  (personal matters)              👉 It includes the cases like marr...

 ❇️POWERS OF CLEMENCY - MERCY It is an extraordinary power or we can call it as the Royal Powers Of Pardon.     ARTICLE 72 :   Power of President to grant Pardons, etc and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in Certain Cases.     At any stage before the death or before the execution of fansi, the accused person ( from any level of judiciary i.e. subordinate courts, HC or SC) can go for mercy to President through Article 72 and to the Governor through Article 161.       ARTICLE 161 : Power of Governor to grant Pardons.   If the accused person will apply for clemency to both President and Governor then  (the following table shows the results of clemency applications)                 President.     Governor.     Result   1)🔹          ✔️                        ✔️  ...

  Radio, Television, Magazines, Newspaper Are School Of Inattention : People Look Without Seeing, Listen Without Hearing.  💠Mobile Electronics Document with Interacting Agents {MEDIA} concludes of all things like newspapers, news channels, social media, etc. The era is ruled by the Internet and there is hardly any field left out from the reach of media so can be said that it connects all the dots of the world therefore generates co-relation among humans. Being the forth pillar of Democracy, it plays a vital role especially in a vast country like INDIA. The independent, professional and responsible media is termed as the backbone of any Democracy so, it is its responsibilities to inform, criticise, and stimulate debate. Democracy is by the people, for the people, and of the people   so, to maintain the transperancy between people and government, Media has a big role and responsibilities. For instance, in Parliamentary Session, Media provide transperancy on every deba...